CHILD IMMUNISATION

Most diseases are infectious, they can be passed on from one person to another. Scientists study the structure, mode of life and life cycle of organisms responsible for transmitting diseases. They also study the method of transmission of diseases. These studies helps scientists to work out ways of preventing the spread of these diseases and of protecting people from contracting them, one method of preventing diseases is immunisation.
Immunisation is a method of preventing diseases by injecting or taking into the body specially treated disease causing organisms or their products. When such materials enter the human body, the body reacts as if the disease causing microbes are actually present, but the person does not fall ill. The body produces substances called antibodies destroy the disease causing microbes or their harmful products. Excess antibodies remain in the blood and if the individual comes in contact with any of the given diseases organisms, the antibodies stop the disease from developing. Children are usually immunized against seven diseases that commonly cause preventable death. These are poliomyelitis, measles, tuberculosis, tetanus, yellow fever, whooping cough and diphtheria.
Vaccination inoculation and immunisation may be used to mean the same thing. Experts, however, make a clear distinction between them. Vaccination involves making some cuts on the skin with a sharp knife or razor before introducing the treated, weakened disease organisms through the cuts. Inoculation usually involves injecting the treated organisms into the body. Immunisation covers all method of introducing treated weakened, disease causing organisms into the body, including introduction by mouth. Immunisation of the child start during the pregnancy. The mother is to be given tetanus vaccine at the antenatal center.

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Rock Formation

A rock may be defined as a hard compact mass made up of cluster of primary or secondary minerals. The primary minerals are those that are as they were made in nature. Some of them are Quartz, Olivine, Pyroxene, Hornblende, Biotite, Muscovite and feldspar. On the other hand, secondary minerals consists of particles worn out from original minerals which have combined with other elements. They exist in form of: (i) Oxide such as those of magnesium, Iron and Aluminum. (ii) Sulphates and carbonates of Iron, Magnesium and Calcium. (iii) Clay minerals such as the silicate clays and the hydrous Oxide. TYPES OF ROCKS (i) Igneous rock (ii) sedimentary rock (iii) Metamorphic rock. Based on their chemical composition, we have basic and acidic rocks. Granite is a very good example of an acid rock. PROCESSES OF ROCK FORMATION IGNEOUS ROCK :This is formed through the process of cooling and hardening of the molten magma. This molten magna is confined deep down below the earth crust und...

HERNIA

Hernia occurs in an individual when part of the intestine pushes through the wall of the abdomen and appears as a bulge at the site. There are many sites where hernia can occur, although the commonly encountered type is that found in the groin. This type of hernia is known as femoral or inguinal hernia. Hernia may occur on the navel or near it. The hernia which occurs on the navel is called umbilical hernia, while that which occurs close to it is known as paraumbilical hernia. These two types of hernia are less common than the femoral type. Groin hernia occurs more commonly in males, but can also occur in females in a few cases. In this kind of hernia, there is a weakness in the abdominal wall in the groin region about midway across the groin. It may appear on either side or, sometimes on both sides. A good sign is that swelling increases, initially it can be pushed back manually into the body. Later on, it gets bigger still and lies almost permanently outside the body, especi...

TEACHING AND PEACE CORPS

Teaching today is hard work. The old demands that one knows his subject and master the art of teaching are increased by the need to prepare students for a world that is constantly changing, and in ways that were unfamiliar and complicated. We now inhabit what we should call spaceship earth, and the instructor's book didn't come with it. But it is not true that the demands of our own technological world represent the only or even the most difficult challenge to the teacher. Beyond the technological world, there is a world not constantly changing, in fact, where change has not come fast enough, and when change alone can bring partnership in the 20th century. To the developing world, the peace corps teacher is asked to bring skills and knowledge. He is also asked to bring understanding, which respects the beauty of that world's religious beliefs and customs. The peace corps teacher must guide and, at the same time, respect the student's uniquene...

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